The Indus Valley Peak

Question: Write an essay on The Indus Valley civilization ? Answer: The Indus Valley civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the city of Harappa was the capital and the most important city of this civilization. The civilization developed along the side of the river Indus and therefore agriculture flourished during that period in that particular area (Korisettar 2015). Although, much of the Harappan scripture had remained undeciphered, there are certain scriptures or rather the phonetic language, which the archeologists had deciphered (Recchia, Gabriel and Max 2015). Reading those, scriptures the archeologists had derived the conclusion that the Indus culture or the civilization is one of the most stable civilizations, which has remained constant and stable until its destruction. The scholars believe that may be the city of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were under the theocratic rule, which means the priest ruled it during that time. The priest in the Harappan civilization was there in the citadel and the priestly class of the civilization was the most powerful of all the classes that were there in the civilization. Harappa had people who were regarded as the specialized warriors; in spite of that, the defense and the construction as well as the preparation of the fortress lay in the hand of the priests. The priests had the final word in this matter (Rao, Bhonsle and Kumar 2016). The archeologists had a firm believe over this fact because there are proves of the artisans house and granaries near those citadels where the priest used to stay, which shadow light on this fact that may be the priest were responsible for the construction of the fort. The Harappan civilization, reached its peak during the second millennium, which means approximately during the 4000 to 2000 BC. There are some archeologists and scholars, who believe that the Harappan belongs to the first group of Homo sapiens. The archeologists believe that these people somehow were separated from a large group who was then migrating from Africa. After being separated, the group traveled to the Mediterranean and from there to Afghanistan and then following the route reached the Indus River, where they ultimately set up their civilization. Therefore, following this description it can be assumed that the Harappans were nomads but slowly agriculture grew as the most important part of the economy of this civilization (Vijay 2015). The people in Harappan civilization was also very skilled in making bronze models and bronze statue and at the same time they are also someone who was efficient in making metal tools and weaving cloths. Harappa was the chief city where, trade grew and it was the most important market place. During the Indus Civilization trade relationship developed between Indus and the Mesopotamian Civilization. The Harappan Civilization is a civilization, was the richest and most interesting civilization in human history, which also faced controversy because many scholars believe that for the destruction of the city of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, the Aryans were responsible. According to the scholars, if one had a thorough reading of the Vedic scriptures then they could found out an incident where there is mention of the destruction of the walled city by the Lord Indra. Therefore, in the Vedas Indra has also been referred as the purandara or the one who is responsible for the destruction of the fort (Dibyopama et.al 2015). The archeologists put forward the fact that the skeletal remaining that were found in the city of Mohenjo-Daro, prove the fact that people there died because of some violent actions. The Aryans too, were nomads, like the people of the Harappa, had once being but the special feature of the Aryans were that they were skilled in horse riding and they were warriors at the same time. Although, unlike the Harappan, the Aryans did not have the knowledge of agriculture, the Aryans were those people who had the knowledge of cattle rearing(Banerjee 2015). The scholars believe that the Aryans are learned the skill or the art of agriculture from those Harappans who were still remaining after the destruction and many also state the fact that non-Aryans or the Harappans were accumulated in the Vedic culture by the Aryan themselves. Although, there are many scholars who believe that the Aryans are not responsible for the destruction of Harappa. The archeologist and the scholars believe that deforestation, floods and other natural calamities lead to the destruction of Harappa and the Aryans were not at all responsible for the destruction of the city. Although this is a fact that the archeologists only want to hold for the city of Harappa, and not for Mohenjo-Daro, the archeologists believe that the skeletal of Mohenjo-Daro prove violent destruction and the description of the wall destruction of Indra could be related to this explanation. Reference Dibyopama, Astha, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin, and Vasant Shinde. "Human Skeletal Remains from Ancient Burial Sites in India: With Special Reference to Harappan Civilization."Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology28, no. 1 (2015): 1-9. Korisettar, Ravi. "Book Review: Irfan Habib, Prehistory and Irfan Habib, The Indus Civilization."Studies in People's History2, no. 2 (2015): 247-250. Rao, J.S., Bhonsle, B.R. and Kumar, B., 2016. Hindu temple cartsRathams. InEssays on the History of Mechanical Engineering(pp. 367-388). Springer International Publishing. Recchia, Gabriel L., and Max M. Louwerse. "Archaeology Through Computational Linguistics: Inscription Statistics Predict Excavation Sites of Indus Valley Artifacts."Cognitive science(2015). Vijay, Muni. "Agriculture at KalibanganEvidences and Excavations."Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies3, no. 12 (2015). Korisettar, Ravi. "Book Review: Irfan Habib, Prehistory and Irfan Habib, The Indus Civilization."Studies in People's History2, no. 2 (2015): 247-250. Recchia, Gabriel L., and Max M. Louwerse. "Archaeology Through Computational Linguistics: Inscription Statistics Predict Excavation Sites of Indus Valley Artifacts."Cognitive science(2015). Rao, J.S., Bhonsle, B.R. and Kumar, B., 2016. Hindu temple cartsRathams. InEssays on the History of Mechanical Engineering(pp. 367-388). Springer International Publishing. Vijay, Muni. "Agriculture at KalibanganEvidences and Excavations."Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies3, no. 12 (2015). Dibyopama, Astha, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin, and Vasant Shinde. "Human Skeletal Remains from Ancient Burial Sites in India: With Special Reference to Harappan Civilization."Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology28, no. 1 (2015): 1-9. Banerjee, Madhubanti. "Rakshasas and Asuras in Hindu Epic Tales."IJASOS-International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences1, no. 2 (2015): 147-152.